Advanced Materials and Nano Science

Materials science and engineering constitute the discovery and design of new materials.  Many of the most pressing scientific problems humans currently face are due to the limitations of the materials that are currently available and, as a result, major breakthroughs in materials science are likely to affect the future of technology significantly. Materials scientists lay stress on understanding how the history of a material influences its structure, and thus its properties and performances.

All engineered products from airplanes to musical instruments, alternative energy sources related to ecologically-friendly manufacturing processes, medical devices to artificial tissues, computer chips to data storage devices and many more are made from materials.  In fact, all new and altered materials are often at the heart of product innovation in highly diverse applications.

New electronic and photonic nanomaterials assure dramatic breakthroughs in communications, computing devices and solid-state lighting. Current research involves bulk crystal growth, organic semiconductors, thin film and nanostructure growth, and soft lithography along with researches related to Optics. Several of the major photonics companies in the world views on different technologies and opinions about future challenges for manufacturers and integrators of lasers and photonics products. The silicon photonics market is anticipated to grow to $497.53 million by 2020, expanding at a CAGR of 27.74% from 2014 to 2020. The silicon carbide semiconductor market is estimated to grow $3182.89 Million by 2020, at an expected CAGR of 42.03% from 2014 to 2020.

• Photonic crystals
• Nonlinear optics
• Optical nanostructures
• Optoelectronics
• Optical devices, detectors & sensors
• Holography

Carbon is connected with about all that we see around us. Due to its remarkable properties, like high robustness at normal conditions, differing hybridizations, strong covalent bond game plan and straightforward of blends advancement, carbon has been of consistent excitement for a couple of districts. A nanostructure is a structure of fair size among minute and nuclear structures.

Graphene is an allotrope of carbon as a two-dimensional, atomic-scale, hexagonal cross-segment in which one particle shapes each vertex. It is the basic helper segment of various allotropes, including graphite, charcoal, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. It can moreover be considered as an uncertainly significant sweet-noticing iota, an authoritative occurrence of the gathering of level polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons.

Material science has a wider range of applications which includes ceramics, composites and polymer materials. Bonding in ceramics and glasses uses both covalent and ionic-covalent types with SiO2 as a basic building block. Ceramics are as soft as clay or as hard as stone and concrete. Usually, they are crystalline in form.

Most glasses contain a metal oxide fused with silica. Applications range from structural elements such as steel-reinforced concrete, to the gorilla glass. Polymers are also an important part of materials science. Polymers are the raw materials that are used to make what we commonly call plastics.  Specialty plastics are materials with distinctive characteristics, such as ultra-high strength, electrical conductivity, electro-fluorescence, high thermal stability. Plastics are divided not on the basis of their material but on its properties and applications.

Nanotechnology is the handling of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.  The interesting aspect of nanotechnology is that the properties of many materials alter when the size scale of their dimensions approaches nanometers. Materials scientists and engineers work to understand those property changes and utilize them in the processing and manufacture of materials at the nanoscale level. The field of materials science covers the discovery, characterization, properties, and use of nanoscale materials. Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, influencing advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of micro fabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale level o have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties. Although much of nanotechnology's potential still remains un-utilized, investment in the field is booming.

The U.S. government distributed more than a billion dollars to nanotechnology research in 2005 to find new developments in nanotechnology. China, Japan and the European Union have spent similar amounts. The hopes are the same on all fronts: to push oneself off a surface on a growing global market that the National Science Foundation estimates will be worth a trillion dollars. The global market for activated carbon totaled $1.9 billion, in 2013, driven primarily by Asia-Pacific and North American regions for applications in water treatment and air purification.

The ability of a nation to harness nature as well as its ability to cope up with the challenges posed by it is determined by its complete knowledge of materials and its ability to develop and produce them for various applications. Advanced Materials are at the heart of many technological developments that touch our lives. Electronic materials for communication and information technology, optical fibers, laser fibers sensors for intelligent environment, energy materials for renewable energy and environment, light alloys for better transportation, materials for strategic applications and more. Advanced materials have a wider role to play in the upcoming future years because of their multiple uses and can be of greater help for whole humanity.

The primeval ceramics made by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either by itself or blended with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in fire. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to produce smooth, colored surfaces, decreasing porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates. Ceramics currently include domestic, industrial and building products, as well as a broad range of ceramic art.

In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as in semiconductors. Polymers are investigated in the fields of biophysics and macromolecular science, and polymer science (which encompass polymer chemistry and polymer physics). Historically, products arising from the linkage of repeating units by covalent chemical bonds have been the primary focus of polymer science; emerging important areas of the science currently focus on non-covalent links. Composite materials are generally used for buildings, bridges and structures like boat hulls, swimming pool panels, race car bodies, shower stalls, bathtubs, storage tanks, imitation granite and cultured marble sinks and countertops.

The most advanced examples perform routinely on spacecraft in demanding environments. Now standing at USD 296.2 billion, the ceramics market is forecast to grow to USD 502.8 billion by 2020, as every industry achieves upgraded manufacturing efficiency along with high renewable energy efficiency. As per the global market analysis, in 2014, the Composite materials industry is expected to generate revenue of approximately 156.12 billion U.S. dollars.

Biomaterials from healthcare viewpoint can be defined as materials those possess some novel properties that make them appropriate to come in immediate association with the living tissue without eliciting any adverse immune rejection reactions. Biomaterials are in the service of mankind through ancient times but subsequent evolution has made them more versatile and has increased their usage. Biomaterials have transformed the areas like bioengineering and tissue engineering for the development of strategies to counter life-threatening diseases.  These concepts and technologies are being used for the treatment of different diseases like cardiac failure, fractures, deep skin injuries, etc. 

Research is being performed to improve the existing methods and for the innovation of new approaches. With the current progress in biomaterials, we can expect future healthcare which will be economically feasible to us.

Equipment and consumables was worth US$ 47.7 billion in 2014 and is further expected to reach US$ 55.5 billion in 2020 with a CAGR (2015 to 2020) of 3%. Dental equipment is the fastest-growing market due to continuous technological innovations. The overall market is driven by increasing demand for professional dental services and growing consumer awareness. The major players in the Global Dental market are 3M ESPE, Danaher Corporation, Biolase Inc., Care stream Health Inc., GC Corporation, Straumann, Patterson Companies Inc., Sirona Dental Systems Inc., and Planmeca Oy, DENTSPLY International Inc. A-Dec Inc. 3

Different geophysical and social pressures are providing a shift from conventional fossil fuels to renewable and sustainable energy sources. We must create the materials that will support emergent energy technologies. Solar energy is a top priority of the department, and we are devoting extensive resources to developing photovoltaic cells that are both more efficient and less costly than current technology. We also have extensive research around next-generation battery technology. Materials performance lies at the heart of the development and optimization of green energy technologies and computational methods now plays a major role in modeling and predicting the properties of complex materials.

The global market for super capacitor is expected to grow from $1.8 billion in 2014 to $2.0 billion in 2015 at a year-on-year (YOY) growth rate of 9.2%. In addition, the market is expected to grow at a five-year CAGR (2015 to 2020) of 19.1%, to reach $4.8 billion in 2020. The competition in the global super capacitor market is intense within a few large players, such as, AVX Corp., Axion Power International, Inc., Beijing HCC Energy Tech. Co., Ltd., CAP-XX, Elna Co. Ltd., Elton, Graphene Laboratories INC., Jianghai Capacitor Co., Ltd, Jiangsu Shuangdeng Group Co., Ltd., Jinzhou Kaimei Power Co., Ltd, KEMET, LS MTRON, Maxwell Technologies INC., Nesscap Energy Inc., Nippon Chemi-Con Corp., Panasonic Co., Ltd., Shanghai Aowei Technology Development Co., Ltd., Skeleton Technologies, Supreme Power Systems Co., Ltd., XG Sciences.

Advanced Bio-systems extends the Advanced brand into the life sciences bring out the foremost analysis within the direction of technologies that intensify and harness biological systems, including systems and artificial biology, advanced medical specialty, and bio hybrids and terotechnology.

• Genomics and bioinformatics
• Artificial biology
• Bio nanotechnology
• Industrial microorganisms and biofuels
• Cell and biological science, cellular programming
• Tissue engineering
• Medical specialty

Advanced sustainable Systems is a world, peer-reviewed, knowledge domain journal publication outstanding analysis results on the event and implementation of systems, solutions, technologies and applications that share the main target on the advancement of property living. Advanced sustainable Systems is linking and connecting knowledge domain insights on a broad vary of topics together.

• More economical and fewer consumptive technologies
• Climate Engineering
• Renewable Energy
• Property Food and Agriculture

Laser & Photonics Reviews publishes finest Reviews, original analysis Articles, and views covering this vary of photonics and optics, each theoretical and experimental, from recent breakthrough analysis to specific developments and novel applications.

• Photonic Materials
• Ultrafast Photonics
• Plasmonics
• Quantum Photonics
• Semiconductor Photonics
• Light-Matter Interaction
• Artificial Dimension
• Semiconductor Photonics

As engineering science is progressing, therefore is that the augmentation for its business advancement. The broad assortment of potential things and applications offers engineering science its immense advancement prospects. Significant commitments area unit needed to natural and atmosphere insurance from Nano technological devices, procedures and applications area unit relied upon to by thrifty crude materials, vitality and water and by decreasing gas depleting substances and risky squanders. Utilization of Nano materials guarantees bound ecological benefits and supportability impacts.

• Nanoparticles for water purification
• Toxicity of nanomaterial’s
• Nano toxicity in cells
• Exposure and risk analysis of Nanomaterial’s
• Health and safety

Nano medicine is that the capability of engineering to the anticipation and treatment of malady within the bod. These obtaining disciplines will presumably wholly modification in clinical science. Entrenched and not therefore distant future Nano medicine applications incorporate action screens, therapy, pacemakers, biochips, OTC tests, endocrine siphons, nebulizers, needleless injectors, listening devices, clinical stream sensors and circulatory strain, aldohexose perceptive and medicate conveyance frameworks.

• Regenerative medication & Targeted Drug Delivery
• Tissue Engineering
• Nano dental medicine
• Radio Nanomedicine
• Nano scale Tools and Techniques in Surgery

The scope of engineering is one in all the foremost celebrated territories for ebb and flow innovative add primarily all specialized pointers. This unquestionably incorporates chemical compound engineering which incorporates electronics. totally different territories conveys polymer-based biomaterials, Nano medication, Nano emulsion particles heat unit terminal chemical compound certain impetuses, layer-by-layer poised chemical compound films, electro spun nanofabrication, engrave lithography, chemical compound mixes and Nano composites.

• Chemical element Nano spheres
• Nano carbon tubes
• Electriactive polymers
• Copolymer
• Biopolymer